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前NASA宇航员、阿波罗任务指挥官詹姆斯·麦克迪维特逝世享年93岁_我的网站

一 | A plurality of Americans back what the United States is doing to support Israel in the war against the Islamic militant group Hamas and an additional 29% think the country should be doing even more.Still, a majority of the public also disapproves of President Joe Biden's handling of the conflict as well as a range of other issues, according to a new ABC News/Ipsos poll, a warning sign for him as he launches his bid for reelection.At least 1,300 people have died and 3,227 others have been injured in Israel after Hamas launched a devastating, gruesome attack from several fronts on Oct. 7, Israeli authorities said. Militants entered homes, killed families and took more than 100 captives back to Gaza, including women, children and the elderly. They also gunned down hundreds celebrating at an Israeli music festival.In Gaza, at least 2,215 people, including 724 children, have been killed as Israel has launched retaliatory strikes and other operations, with an estimated 8,744 more injured and those numbers expected to climb -- and tens of thousands more displaced, according to the Palestinian Ministry of Health.According to a U.N. statement on Saturday, almost 1 million people have been displaced in Gaza.Following Hamas' attack, Israel also cut off Gaza's access to electricity and water supplies -- a move that will not be reversed until scores of hostages are returned home, said Israeli Energy Minister Israel Katz. Members of the Israeli special forces entered Gaza on Friday in efforts to locate and free hostages, according to an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesperson. Officials in Israel say they have alerted 120 families that their loved ones are located in Gaza.Forty-nine percent of Americans say the United States is doing "about the right amount" to support Israel in its war with Hamas, while 29% say the U.S. is actually doing too little, per the latest ABC News/Ipsos poll conducted using Ipsos' KnowledgePanel.Only 18% say the U.S. is doing "too much" in the aftermath of the attacks. Republicans are much more likely to say the U.S. is doing too little to support Israel. Fifty percent of Republicans say this compared to only 12% of Democrats and 26% of independents. Most Democrats (65%) and independents (52%) think the U.S. is doing the right amount to help.These views differ from another major international conflict going on now, Ukraine's war with Russia. In this case, one in three Americans say the U.S. is doing too much to support Ukraine. A plurality (42%) says the U.S. is doing "about the right amount," while 22% believe too little is being done. On this issue, Republicans are more likely to say the U.S. is doing too much. A plurality of Republicans (44%) feels this way, compared to only 15% of Democrats and 34% of independents. Most Democrats, 57%, say the U.S. is doing "about the right amount" to help Ukraine compared to 35% of Republicans and 40% of independents.On Friday, the IDF called for all residents of Gaza to evacuate their homes and "move south for their protection" to an area south of the Gaza River. Yet that suggestion has been met with staunch humanitarian opposition. The U.N.'s Secretary-General António Guterres told reporters that same day that the push to evacuate was "extremely dangerous and, in some cases, simply not possible."A similar appraisal has been made by the World Health Organization, which said a mass evacuation "would be disastrous for patients, health workers and other civilians left behind or caught in the mass movement."The White House and senior Biden administration officials have continued to offer unequivocal support of Israel in the wake of Hamas' attack. During an economic address in Philadelphia Friday, Biden reiterated that support while also addressing the ongoing humanitarian crisis within the Gaza Strip."At my direction, our teams are working in the region including communicating directly with the governments of Israel, Egypt, Jordan, and other Arab nations and the United Nations to surge support and humanitarian consequences for Hamas' attack to help Israel," Biden said.He continued, "We can't lose sight of the fact that the overwhelming majority of Palestinians had nothing to do with Hamas and Hamas's appalling attacks. And they're suffering as a result as well."Despite the country's desire for the current level or increased support for Israel, in line with Biden's stance, a majority, 54%, disapprove of his handling of the conflict between Israel and Hamas. A little more than two in five Americans (41%) approve of the president's handling of the issue.According to a State Department spokesperson on Saturday, 29 Americans have been confirmed dead in Israel. Additionally, 15 U.S. citizens and one lawful permanent resident of the U.S. are still unaccounted for, the spokesperson said. Biden addressed the ongoing struggle of their loved ones in his remarks as well.A slight majority (53%) of Americans say the U.S. has a responsibility to protect Israeli civilians, per the new ABC News/Ipsos poll. Conversely, 54% say the U.S. does not have a responsibility to protect Palestinian civilians. An even larger majority (63%) say it's not the U.S.' responsibility to work toward Palestinian statehood. Half the country (50%) believes the U.S. does not have a responsibility to ensure peace in the Middle East, while 46% says it does.When asked which political party they trust to do a better job handling the war, Americans are generally split: 24% say the Democrats, 26% say the Republicans, 12% say both parties equally and 37% say neither party.That fracture is perhaps due in part to both party's internal divisions -- as progressive Democrats levy criticism of Israel's government and call for the protection of Palestinians while pleading with the Biden administration to establish a humanitarian channel in the region as Israel's attacks escalate.On the campaign trail, Republican candidates are taking aim at former President Donald Trump's recent remarks that the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah is "very smart" while warning of its threat to Israel and knocking top Israeli officials in the process. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, for example, told New Hampshire voters he would not be "throwing verbal grenades at the Israeli leadership" unlike Trump. His former vice president, Mike Pence, also in New Hampshire, lambasted Trump, adding that Hezbollah "aren't smart, they're evil." On CNN, former New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie called the former president "a fool."In the wake of the backlash, Trump released a statement saying "there was no better friend or ally of Israel" than he was.Meanwhile, Republicans on Capitol Hill are voicing increasing frustrations for their inability to offer aid, mostly due to the grievances of a small group of House Republicans leaving the body without a speaker.Heading into a presidential election year, Biden will have to battle low confidence in his leadership across a number of issues. A majority of Americans continue to disapprove of his handling of the economy, crime, climate change, inflation, gun violence, the situation with Russia and Ukraine and immigration across the U.S.-Mexico border. Approval of Biden's handling of crime and climate change has declined since the January ABC News/Ipsos poll.METHODOLOGY – This ABC News/Ipsos poll was conducted using Ipsos Public Affairs' KnowledgePanel® October 13-14, 2023, in English and Spanish, among a random national sample of 518 U.S. adults. Results have a margin of sampling error of 4.5 points, including the design effect. Partisan divisions are 25-25-42 percent, Democrats-Republicans-independents. See the poll's topline results and details on the methodology here.ABC News' Dan Merkle and Ken Goldstein contributed to this report.。麦克迪维特于1929年6月10日出生在芝加哥。他毕业于密歇根州卡拉马祖中央高中，之后在密歇根大学获得航天工程学学士学位，并于1959年以全班第一名的成绩毕业。他于1951年加入空军并以准将军衔退役。他在朝鲜战争期间驾驶F-80和F-86飞机执行了145次战斗任务。他毕业于美国空军实验试飞员学校，并完成了美国空军航空航天研究飞行员课程，并在加利福尼亚州爱德华兹空军基地担任实验试飞员。在他的飞行员生涯中，他记录了超过5000个小时的飞行时间。

二 | 1962年9月，麦克迪维特被美国宇航局选为宇航员，成为美国宇航局第二届宇航员的一员。1965年6月，他作为双子星座4号任务的指挥官首次飞入太空。麦克迪维特与空军飞行员Ed White一起参加了该计划迄今为止最雄心勃勃的飞行。在双子星座4号任务中，White将成为第一个在飞船外冒险进行正式舱外活动（EVA）的美国人，或者按照现在的说法，是太空行走。在接下来的几年里，这种技能使阿波罗探险家能够在月球上行走，美国宇航员和他们来自世界各地的伙伴能够建立国际空间站。这次任务的四天时间几乎是NASA宇航员此前在太空中的时间的两倍，此前最长的美国太空飞行是戈登·库珀的34小时水星9号任务。

三 | 麦克迪维特作为阿波罗9号的指挥官进行的第二次太空飞行对人类首次登陆月球起到了关键作用。这是全套阿波罗硬件的第一次飞行，也是登月舱的第一次飞行。这次任务于1969年3月3日从美国宇航局肯尼迪航天中心发射，指挥官麦克迪维特、指挥舱飞行员大卫·斯科特和登月舱飞行员拉塞尔-施魏克特。

四 | 发射后，阿波罗9号进入地球轨道，机组人员对第一个载人登月舱（绰号"蜘蛛"）从头到尾进行了一次工程测试。他们模拟了将在实际月球任务中进行的机动动作。在这次任务中，宇航员与指挥和服务舱以及登月舱一起执行了一系列的飞行任务。

五 | 首要任务是月球舱与指挥和服务舱的交会对接。乘员组还对月球舱进行了配置，以支持麦克迪维特和施魏克特的太空行走。

六 | 在第10个飞行日，即1969年3月13日，阿波罗9号太空舱重新进入地球大气层，并在大西洋上溅起水花，在波多黎各以北约341英里处，在回收船瓜达尔卡纳尔号的视野内。麦克迪维特在太空中停留了超过14天。阿波罗9号之后，他成为月球登陆行动的经理，并带领一个团队规划月球探测计划，重新设计航天器以完成这一任务。

七 | 1969年8月，他成为阿波罗航天器计划的经理，指导该计划完成阿波罗12、13、14、15和16号。

八 | 1972年6月，麦克迪维特从美国空军退役并离开NASA，担任Consumers Power 公司的执行副总裁，负责公司事务。1975年3月，他加入 Pullman,公司，担任执行副总裁和董事。1975年10月，他成为 Pullman Standard 、轨道车部的总裁，后来还负责公司的租赁和工程建设领域。1981年1月，他加入罗克韦尔国际公司，担任高级副总裁，负责政府业务，以及位于华盛顿特区的罗克韦尔国际公司。

九 | 他获得的众多奖项包括两枚美国宇航局杰出服务奖章和美国宇航局特殊服务奖章。由于他在美国空军的服务，他还被授予两枚空军杰出服务奖章、四枚杰出飞行十字勋章、五枚航空奖章和美国空军宇航员之翼。麦克迪维特还获得了韩国颁发的Chong Moo奖章，美国空军系统司令部航空航天Primus奖，阿诺德航空协会 JFK奖杯，Sword of Loyola，以及密歇根金刚狼边疆者奖。